Elle permit également de contrôler l'une des grandes vallées qui conduisait du sud-est du Laos jusqu'à la base de Da-Nang, ainsi que de surveiller la zone démilitarisée entre le Nord et le Sud du Viêt Nam. He gave the order for US Marines to take up positions around Khe Sanh. Pour la première fois depuis le début de la guerre du Viêt Nam, le centre de crise de la Maison Blanche est ouvert 24 heures sur 24. With a view to gain the eventual approval for an advance through Laos to interdict the Ho Chi Minh Trail, he determined that "it was absolutely essential to hold the base." The border battles, however, had two significant consequences, which were unappreciated at the time. En juillet 1962, les premières troupes spéciales des forces américaines commencèrent à construire, non loin de la place de Khe Sanh, ce qui ne devait être initialement qu’un centre de formation pour les combattants, à proximité d’une ancienne plantation coloniale. PAVN forces were driven out of the area around Khe Sanh after suffering 940 casualties. [34] He was vociferously opposed by General Lewis W. Walt, the Marine commander of I Corps, who argued heatedly that the real target of the American effort should be the pacification and protection of the population, not chasing the PAVN/VC in the hinterlands. Dans les jours qui suivirent, des attaques sporadiques eurent lieu contre des positions des Marines autour de Khe Sanh. La table en vue générale, sur la terrasse. The PAVN claimed that Khe Sanh was "a stinging defeat from both the military and political points of view." The badly-deteriorated Route 9 ran from the coastal region through the western highlands and crossed the border into Laos. [1], The evacuation of Khe Sanh began on 19 June 1968 as Operation Charlie. As a result of this intelligence, KSCB was reinforced on 13 December by the 1st Battalion, 9th Marine Regiment. Media in category "Battle of Khe Sanh" The following 76 files are in this category, out of 76 total. Deux jours plus tard, la route 9 en partie détruite est de nouveau libre et praticable, après que des pionniers l'ont reconstituée. [30], On 27 October, a PAVN regiment attacked an Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) battalion at Song Be, capital of Phước Long Province. [154] The question, known among American historians as the "riddle of Khe Sanh," has been summed up by John Prados and Ray Stubbe: "Either the Tet Offensive was a diversion intended to facilitate PAVN/VC preparations for a war-winning battle at Khe Sanh, or Khe Sanh was a diversion to mesmerize Westmoreland in the days before Tet. [126][127] Nevertheless, according to Tom Johnson, President Johnson was "determined that Khe Sanh [would not] be an 'American Dien Bien Phu'". [55] The USAF delivered 14,356 tons of supplies to Khe Sanh by air (8,120 tons by paradrop). Not including ARVN Ranger, RF/PF, Forward Operation Base 3 – U.S. Army, Royal Laotian Army and SOG commandos losses. [145], Regardless, the PAVN had gained control of a strategically important area, and its lines of communication extended further into South Vietnam. A secret memorandum reported by US Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, sent to US President Lyndon B. Johnson on 19 February 1968, was declassified in 2005. Operation Pegasus: ~20,000 (1st Air Cavalry and Marine units), Siege at Khe Sanh: ~17,200 (304th and 308th Division)[12], U.S. losses:At Khe Sanh: 274 killed2,541 wounded (not including ARVN Ranger, RF/PF, Forward Operation Base 3 – US Army and Royal Laotian Army losses)[13]Operation Scotland I (1 November 1967 – 31 March 1968) & Operation Pegasus ( 1–14 April 1968): 730 killed2,642 wounded,7 missing[13]Operation Scotland II (15 April 1968 – July 1968): Les marines, après des semaines passées à ne pas s'éloigner de plus de quelques centaines de mètres de la base, peuvent entreprendre des attaques, plus ou moins fortes et agressives, sur les positions des Nord-Vietnamiens dans les collines, et parviennent parfois à les en déloger. Six membres d'équipage et passagers furent tués. [26], During the second half of 1967, the North Vietnamese instigated a series of actions in the border regions of South Vietnam. Au lieu de ça, les canons de l'artillerie nord-vietnamienne continuent à bombarder la base, sur laquelle tombent 300 obus par jour. 16°39′19.6″N 106°43′42.9″E / 16.655444, 106.728583. "Bataille de Khe Sanh: raconter les pertes de la bataille." Les soldats américains survivants continuent à se défendre, et réussissent à s'enfuir sous la protection d'attaques aériennes. Les rations des soldats doivent être limitées. One of the first enemy shells set off an explosion in the main ammunition dump. The latest microwave/tropospheric scatter technology enabled them to maintain communications at all times. Elle commença le 21 janvier, et dura 77 jours. [137] Operation Scotland II would continue until 28 February 1969 resulting in 435 Marines and 3304 PAVN killed. « We were literally thrown out » (« nous étions littéralement jetés hors de l'hélicoptère ») écrit Dave Powell dans ses souvenirs. Thirty-three ARVN troops were also killed and 187 were wounded. Les forces alliées sont constituées des unités suivantes (effectifs entre parenthèses) : Les forces nord-vietnamiennes sont constituées des unités suivantes : Le 21 janvier 1968, peu après minuit, la colline 861 est bombardée par les mortiers nord-vietnamiens. [79], By the end of the battle, USAF assets had flown 9,691 tactical sorties and dropped 14,223 tons of bombs on targets within the Khe Sanh area. [166] When Hanoi made the decision to move in around the base, Khe Sanh was held by only one or two American battalions. The village of Khe Sanh was the seat of government of Hương Hoa district, an area of Bru Montagnard villages and coffee plantations about 7 miles (11 km) from the Laotian frontier on Route 9, the northernmost transverse road in South Vietnam. Après plus de deux mois de combats durant lesquels l'US Air Force fit pleuvoir plusieurs milliers de tonnes de bombes sur les collines autour de Khe Sanh, l'armée américaine avait estimé qu'au moins 13 000 Vietnamiens avaient été tués. [135] At 08:00 on 15 April, Operation Pegasus was officially terminated. Khe Sanh would be relieved and then used as the jump-off point for a "hot pursuit" of enemy forces into Laos. Tout comme les Français avaient cherché une bataille décisive à la bataille de Điện Biên Phủ, il comptait se servir de Khe Sanh pour arracher la décision dans le conflit avec le Viêt Nam du Nord. The PAVN infantry, though bracketed by artillery fire, still managed to penetrate the perimeter of the defenses and were only driven back after severe close-quarters combat. Pour cette raison, 20 % des troupes disponibles (environ 1 200 hommes) sont postés sur les collines. Army Lieutenant Colonel Jonathan Ladd (commander, 5th Special Forces Group), who had just flown in from Khe Sanh, was reportedly, "astounded that the Marines, who prided themselves on leaving no man behind, were willing to write off all of the Green Berets and simply ignore the fall of Lang Vei. After a ten-day battle, the attackers were pushed back into Cambodia. [76] On an average day, 350 tactical fighter-bombers, 60 B-52s, and 30 light observation or reconnaissance aircraft operated in the skies near the base. [157], Whether the PAVN actually planned to capture Khe Sanh or the battle was an attempt to replicate the Việt Minh triumph against the French at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu has long been a point of contention. 21 janvier 1968 : début de la bataille de Khe Sanh (actuel Vietnam). Mais ce même jour, un agent de renseignement vietnamien travaillant pour les Américains prévint la base d'une attaque massive imminente, et les troupes américaines furent retirées et placées en défense, alors que la base passait en état d'alerte maximal. February 14,2021. Le 6 février à 0 heure 42, l'attaque des Vietnamiens sur le camp commence, soutenue par 11 chars PT-76 de fabrication soviétique. Conclue par une victoire américaine, elle n'eut cependant pas de réelle implication stratégique. La bataille de Lang Vei est une bataille livrée le 7 février 1968, pendant la guerre du Viêt Nam, lors de l'offensive du Têt. By the end of January 1968, he had moved half of all US combat troops, nearly 50 maneuver battalions, to I Corps. At 21:30, the attack came on, but it was stifled by the small arms of the Rangers, who were supported by thousands of artillery rounds and air strikes. Au début du siège, les avions atterrissaient et déchargeaient leur chargement de manière classique. une partie de guerre du Vietnam. The low figure often cited for US casualties (205 killed in action, 443 wounded, 2 missing) does not take into account U.S. Army or Air Force casualties or those incurred during Operation Pegasus. 4 000 tonnes sont déchargées par les procédures au sol. C'est le début de l'opération Pegasus. Au sud de la piste, il y avait les logements et les postes de commandement du 26e bataillon de marines, des rangers, ainsi que les postes de commandement de l'artillerie de champ et le contrôle d'aérodrome. [48] Other concerns raised included the assertion that the real danger to I Corps was from a direct threat to Quảng Trị City and other urban areas, a defense would be pointless as a threat to infiltration since PAVN troops could easily bypass Khe Sanh, the base was too isolated, and the Marines "had neither the helicopter resources, the troops, nor the logistical bases for such operations." On avait la mission de défendre un pont, en fin de journée. Article détaillé : Siège de Khe Sanh. [108] The base could also depend on fire support from US Army 175-mm guns located at Camp Carroll, east of Khe Sanh. [53], At positions west of Hill 881 South and north of Co Roc Ridge (16°33′40″N 106°37′55″E / 16.561°N 106.632°E / 16.561; 106.632), across the border in Laos, the PAVN established artillery, rocket, and mortar positions from which to launch attacks by fire on the base and to support its ground operations. [113] Marine analysis of PAVN artillery fire estimated that the PAVN gunners had fired 10,908 artillery and mortar rounds and rockets into Marine positions during the battle. [7], Following the closure of the base, a small force of Marines remained around Hill 689 carrying out mopping-up operations. [86] As a result, on 7 March, for the first time during the Vietnam War, air operations were placed under the control of a single manager. [168][169], After the ARVN defeat in Laos, the newly-reopened KSCB came under attack by PAVN sappers and artillery and the base was abandoned once again on 6 April 1971. On the morning of 22 January Lownds decided to evacuate the remaining forces in the village with most of the Americans evacuated by helicopter while two advisers led the surviving local forces overland to the combat base. La piste ne disposait pas de voie de circulation aussi les avions devaient tourner sur la piste principale afin de se positionner. Le village de Khe Sanh se trouve dans le nord-ouest du Sud-Vietnam juste en dessous de la zone démilitarisée et à proximité de la frontière du Laos. No logic was apparent to them behind the sustained PAVN/VC offensives other than to inflict casualties on the allied forces. D'autres collines étaient occupées, comme la colline 64 qui s'élevait dans la plaine, et d'où les marines pouvaient fournir un soutien d'artillerie à une grande partie de la base. At 00:30 on 21 January, Hill 861 was attacked by about 300 PAVN troops, the Marines, however, were prepared. According to Gordon Rottman, even the North Vietnamese official history, Victory in Vietnam, is largely silent on the issue. Alors que les bombardements des canons nord-vietnamiens étaient devenus une habitude pour les marines, les micros d'écoute ont enregistré durant la dernière semaine de mars une forte hausse des mouvements autour de la base qui allait de pair avec une augmentation des bombardements d'artillerie. Bataille de Khe Sanh. Le reste de l'année 1962, les troupes de l… L'approvisionnement de ces postes extérieurs n'est possible que par hélicoptère - chaque munition, chaque ration, combustible, soldat - tout doit être aéroporté. This is also the position taken in the official PAVN history but offers no further explanation of the strategy. That proved to be the last overland attempt at resupply for Khe Sanh until the following March. Cela cesse le 26 février lorsque le 66e bataillon nord-vietnamien attaque la ligne de défense ouest de la base, tenue par le 37e bataillon de rangers-forestiers sud-vietnamiens. [135], On the following day, the 2nd Brigade of the 1st Air Cavalry captured the old French fort near Khe Sanh village after a three-day battle. Au total, les B-52 larguent, au cours de 2 548 sorties, environ 60 000 tonnes de bombes sur la région autour de la base de Khe Sanh. February 14,2021. Two days later, the PAVN 273rd Regiment attacked a Special Forces camp near the border town of Loc Ninh, in Bình Long Province. However, North Vietnamese sources claim that the Americans did not win a victory at Khe Sanh but were forced to retreat to avoid destruction. [123], On 30 March, Bravo Company, 26th Marines, launched an attack toward the location of the ambush that had claimed so many of their comrades on 25 February. The siege of Khe Sanh was broken by ground forces on 6 April. [44][Note 3] Westmoreland regarded the choice as quite simple. [9], The precise nature of Hanoi's strategic goal at Khe Sanh is regarded as one of the most intriguing unanswered questions of the Vietnam War. [102], Lownds estimated that the logistical requirements of KSCB were 60 tons per day in mid-January and rose to 185 tons per day when all five battalions were in place. [72] On 22 January, the first sensor drops took place, and by the end of the month, 316 acoustic and seismic sensors had been dropped in 44 strings. succès stratégique nord-vietnamienne. Les combats autour de Khe Sanh ont commencé le 21 janvier 1968 et se sont terminés vers le 8 avril 1968. Le 31 mars, la 1re division de cavalerie US, des unités du 1er et 26e régiment d'infanterie de marines, et la 2e force aéroportée sud-vietnamienne, commencent une attaque le long de la route 9. La base de Khe Sanh est ensuite largement reconstruite, mais seulement quelques positions d'artillerie continuent à participer au soutien d'opérations dans le Quang tri province occidental. Marines remained around Hill 689, though, and fighting in the vicinity continued until 11 July until they were finally withdrawn, bringing the battle to a close. Example sentences with "Battle of Khe Sanh", translation memory. HistoryNet, le 26 juin 2007. Lasting 77 days, the siege of Khe Sanh saw American and South Vietnamese forces suffer. A press release prepared on the following day (but never issued), at the height of Tet, showed that he was not about to be distracted. Le samedi 10 janvier 1968, les marines de la base avancée de Khe Sanh se retrouvent dans un âpre affrontement avec un bataillon de l'ANV (Armée Nord-Vietnamienne). [1] He goes on to state that a further 72 were killed as part Operation Scotland II throughout the remainder of the year, but that these deaths are not included in the official US casualty lists for the Battle of Khe Sanh. That was superseded by the smaller contingency plans. The US command in Saigon initially believed that combat operations around KSCB during 1967 were part of a series of minor PAVN offensives in the border regions. The Vietnam War. Lancement de l'approvisionnement en parachute aux troupes américaines assiégées à Khe Sanh. The site linked to another microwave/tropo site in Huế manned by the 513th Signal Detachment. [84], Heated debate arose among Westmoreland, Commandant of the Marine Corps Leonard F. Chapman Jr., and Army Chief of Staff Harold K. Johnson. Elle se déroula au début de 1968, durant la fameuse offensive du Tết. PAVN losses are not known with accuracy but are estimated at between 10,000 to 15,000 dead and wounded. mettre à jour. Aux attaques directes s'ajoutent les bombardements d'artillerie, que les Américains essayent de combattre avec l'emploi massif de chasseurs-bombardiers et de l'artillerie. According to the official PAVN history, by December 1967 the North Vietnamese had in place, or within supporting distance: the 304th, 320th, 324th and 325th Infantry Divisions, the independent 270th infantry Regiment; five artillery regiments (the 16th, 45th, 84th, 204th, and 675th); three AAA regiments (the 208th, 214th, and 228th); four tank companies; one engineer regiment plus one independent engineer battalion; one signal battalion; and a number of local force units. Known as the McNamara Line, it was initially codenamed "Project Nine" before it was renamed "Dye Marker" by MACV in September 1967. Marine Corps aviators had flown 7,098 missions and released 17,015 tons. De multiples patrouilles autour de la base pendant l'opération Scotland, et les opérations de surveillance électronique Niagara I fin 1967, avaient mis en évidence des regroupements de Vietnamiens placés sous le commandement de la 304 e division, ayant déjà servi contre les français à Ðiện Biên Phủ, et passant par l'est de la zone démilitarisée, dans la région de Khe Sanh. [30] The PAVN fought for several days, took casualties, and fell back. 216–217. A decision then had to be made by the American high command to commit more of the limited manpower in I Corps to the defense of Khe Sanh or to abandon the base. Westmoreland had been forwarding operational plans for an invasion of Laos since 1966. The PAVN, however, were not through with the ARVN troops. [41], On 14 August, Colonel David E. Lownds took over as commander of the 26th Marine Regiment. L'approvisionnement de la base s'est organisé difficilement durant les deux mois et demi suivants. He made his final appearance in the story of Khe Sanh on 23 May, when his regimental sergeant major and he stood before President Johnson and were presented with a Presidential Unit Citation on behalf of the 26th Marines. They fixed the attention of the American command on the border regions, and they drew American and ARVN forces away from the coastal lowlands and cities in preparation for the Tet Offensive. Les hélicoptères ne s'approchent plus seuls au-dessus de l'objectif, mais par groupe de 16 appareils, avec des hélicoptères d'observation et d'attaque. Sur la colline 950, à l'est du fleuve, un poste de relais de radio était installé (voir la carte 3). He believed that was proved by the PAVN's actions during Tet. North Vietnamese Army gained control of the Khe Sanh region after the American withdrawal. [72], Niagara I was completed during the third week of January, and the next phase, Niagara II, was launched on the 21st,[73] the day of the first PAVN artillery barrage. Casualties were heavy among the attacking PAVN, who lost over 200 killed, while the defending Marines lost two men. Le général Westmoreland demande donc l'opération Niagara, opération commune à l'USAF et à la US Navy. That action prematurely triggered a PAVN offensive aimed at taking Khe Sanh. Khe Sanh. [36], On 24 April 1967, a patrol from Bravo Company became engaged with a PAVN force of an unknown size north of Hill 861. La base disposait également d'un deuxième dépôt de munitions plus au sud. McNamara's thinking may have also been affected by his aide David Morrisroe (later VP at Cal Tech where McNamara later served as Trustee), whose brother Michael Morrisroe (1960 New York State Chess Champion) was serving at the base. [59], On 20 January, La Thanh Ton, a PAVN lieutenant from the 325th Division, defected and laid out the plans for an entire series of PAVN attacks. 2 divisions d'infanterie, L'élément central était une piste de 1 200 m de long qui avait été construite avec des plaques d'aluminium et permettait à des avions gros porteurs, tels les C-130 Hercules, de décoller et d'atterrir. [31] US intelligence estimated between 1,200 and 1,600 PAVN troops were killed, and 362 members of the US 4th Infantry Division, the 173rd Airborne Brigade, and ARVN Airborne elements were killed in action, but three of the four battalions of the 4th Infantry and the entire 173rd were rendered combat-ineffective during the battle. [137] Total US casualties during the operation were 92 killed, 667 wounded, and five missing. Additionally, the logistical effort required to support the base once it was isolated demanded the implementation of other tactical innovations to keep the Marines supplied. [125] They also reported 1,436 wounded before mid-March, of which 484 men returned to their units, while 396 were sent up the Ho Chi Minh Trail to hospitals in the north. Dans sa mémoire, la bataille de Khe Sanh était d’une violence exceptionnelle. Account & Lists Account Returns & Orders. Pour certains cette bataille a été une victoire stratégique vietnamienne, car elle leur a permis de fixer une grande quantité de troupes américaines loin des villes où se déroulait simultanément l'offensive du Têt. [97][Note 6], Lownds infuriated the Special Forces personnel even further when the indigenous survivors of Lang Vei, their families, civilian refugees from the area, and Laotian survivors from the camp at Ban Houei Sane arrived at the gate of KSCB. À 5h30, le bombardement des mortiers et de l'artillerie positionnés sur les montagnes environnantes commence sur la base elle-même. [28] Mortar rounds, artillery shells, and 122 mm rockets fell randomly but incessantly upon the base. Corpsman (medic) Vernon Wike with a dying comrade, Battle of Hill 881, near Khe Sanh, April – May, 1967. Du côté est de la piste, il y avait le stock de munitions de la base. [167], On 30 January 1971, the ARVN and US forces launched Operation Dewey Canyon II, which involved the reopening of Route 9, securing the Khe Sanh area and reoccupying of KSCB as a forward supply base for Operation Lam Son 719. [45][Note 4], Not all leading Marine officers, however, had the same opinion. En raison de la taille importante (3 bataillons de troupes américaines) et de la longueur (4 jours consécutifs) de cette bataille et de l’absence d’un aérodrome (contrairement au siège de Khe Sanh par exemple), j’estime que c’est la plus grande utilisation de hélicoptères dans une seule bataille. Sporadic actions were taken in the vicinity during the late summer and early fall, the most serious of which was the ambush of a supply convoy on Route 9.
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